Generate Non Expiring Api Key Jwt Ruby On Rails

| 14-05-2021
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1 What is Active Storage?

Active Storage facilitates uploading files to a cloud storage service likeAmazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or Microsoft Azure Storage and attaching thosefiles to Active Record objects. It comes with a local disk-based service fordevelopment and testing and supports mirroring files to subordinate services forbackups and migrations.

Using Active Storage, an application can transform image uploads withImageMagick, generate image representations ofnon-image uploads like PDFs and videos, and extract metadata from arbitraryfiles.

2 Setup

Sep 06, 2017  JSON Web Token (JWT) is an open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object. Rails is a web-application framework that includes everything needed to create database-backed web applications according to the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern.

Active Storage uses two tables in your application’s database namedactive_storage_blobs and active_storage_attachments. After upgrading yourapplication to Rails 5.2, run rails active_storage:install to generate amigration that creates these tables. Use rails db:migrate to run themigration.

Declare Active Storage services in config/storage.yml. For each service yourapplication uses, provide a name and the requisite configuration. The examplebelow declares three services named local, test, and amazon:

Tell Active Storage which service to use by settingRails.application.config.active_storage.service. Because each environment willlikely use a different service, it is recommended to do this on aper-environment basis. To use the disk service from the previous example in thedevelopment environment, you would add the following toconfig/environments/development.rb:

To use the Amazon S3 service in production, you add the following toconfig/environments/production.rb:

Continue reading for more information on the built-in service adapters (e.g.Disk and S3) and the configuration they require.

2.1 Disk Service

Declare a Disk service in config/storage.yml:

2.2 Amazon S3 Service

Declare an S3 service in config/storage.yml:

Add the aws-sdk-s3 gem to your Gemfile:

The core features of Active Storage require the following permissions: s3:ListBucket, s3:PutObject, s3:GetObject, and s3:DeleteObject. If you have additional upload options configured such as setting ACLs then additional permissions may be required.

If you want to use environment variables, standard SDK configuration files, profiles,IAM instance profiles or task roles, you can omit the access_key_id, secret_access_key,and region keys in the example above. The Amazon S3 Service supports all of theauthentication options described in the AWS SDK documentation.

2.3 Microsoft Azure Storage Service

Declare an Azure Storage service in config/storage.yml:

Add the azure-storage gem to your Gemfile:

2.4 Google Cloud Storage Service

Declare a Google Cloud Storage service in config/storage.yml:

Optionally provide a Hash of credentials instead of a keyfile path:

Add the google-cloud-storage gem to your Gemfile:

2.5 Mirror Service

You can keep multiple services in sync by defining a mirror service. When a fileis uploaded or deleted, it's done across all the mirrored services. Mirroredservices can be used to facilitate a migration between services in production.You can start mirroring to the new service, copy existing files from the oldservice to the new, then go all-in on the new service. Define each of theservices you'd like to use as described above and reference them from a mirroredservice.

3 Attaching Files to Records

3.1 has_one_attached

The has_one_attached macro sets up a one-to-one mapping between records andfiles. Each record can have one file attached to it.

For example, suppose your application has a User model. If you want each user tohave an avatar, define the User model like this:

You can create a user with an avatar:

Call avatar.attach to attach an avatar to an existing user:

Call avatar.attached? to determine whether a particular user has an avatar:

3.2 has_many_attached

The has_many_attached macro sets up a one-to-many relationship between recordsand files. Each record can have many files attached to it.

For example, suppose your application has a Message model. If you want eachmessage to have many images, define the Message model like this:

You can create a message with images:

Call images.attach to add new images to an existing message:

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Call images.attached? to determine whether a particular message has any images:

4 Removing Files

To remove an attachment from a model, call purge on the attachment. Removalcan be done in the background if your application is setup to use Active Job.Purging deletes the blob and the file from the storage service.

5 Linking to Files

Generate a permanent URL for the blob that points to the application. Uponaccess, a redirect to the actual service endpoint is returned. This indirectiondecouples the public URL from the actual one, and allows, for example, mirroringattachments in different services for high-availability. The redirection has anHTTP expiration of 5 min.

To create a download link, use the rails_blob_{path|url} helper. Using thishelper allows you to set the disposition.

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6 Transforming Images

To create variation of the image, call variant on the Blob.You can pass any MiniMagicksupported transformation to the method.

To enable variants, add mini_magick to your Gemfile:

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When the browser hits the variant URL, Active Storage will lazy transform theoriginal blob into the format you specified and redirect to its new servicelocation.

7 Previewing Files

Some non-image files can be previewed: that is, they can be presented as images.For example, a video file can be previewed by extracting its first frame. Out ofthe box, Active Storage supports previewing videos and PDF documents.

Extracting previews requires third-party applications, ffmpeg forvideo and mutool for PDFs. These libraries are not provided by Rails. You mustinstall them yourself to use the built-in previewers. Before you install and usethird-party software, make sure you understand the licensing implications ofdoing so.

8 Direct Uploads

Active Storage, with its included JavaScript library, supports uploadingdirectly from the client to the cloud.

8.1 Direct upload installation

  1. Include activestorage.js in your application's JavaScript bundle.

    Using the asset pipeline:

    Using the npm package:

  2. Annotate file inputs with the direct upload URL.

  3. That's it! Uploads begin upon form submission.

8.2 Direct upload JavaScript events

Event nameEvent targetEvent data (event.detail)Description
direct-uploads:start<form>NoneA form containing files for direct upload fields was submitted.
direct-upload:initialize<input>{id, file}Dispatched for every file after form submission.
direct-upload:start<input>{id, file}A direct upload is starting.
direct-upload:before-blob-request<input>{id, file, xhr}Before making a request to your application for direct upload metadata.
direct-upload:before-storage-request<input>{id, file, xhr}Before making a request to store a file.
direct-upload:progress<input>{id, file, progress}As requests to store files progress.
direct-upload:error<input>{id, file, error}An error occurred. An alert will display unless this event is canceled.
direct-upload:end<input>{id, file}A direct upload has ended.
direct-uploads:end<form>NoneAll direct uploads have ended.

8.3 Example

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You can use these events to show the progress of an upload.

To show the uploaded files in a form:

Add styles:

9 Discarding Files Stored During System Tests

System tests clean up test data by rolling back a transaction. Because destroyis never called on an object, the attached files are never cleaned up. If youwant to clear the files, you can do it in an after_teardown callback. Doing ithere ensures that all connections created during the test are complete andyou won't receive an error from Active Storage saying it can't find a file.

If your system tests verify the deletion of a model with attachments and you'reusing Active Job, set your test environment to use the inline queue adapter sothe purge job is executed immediately rather at an unknown time in the future.

You may also want to use a separate service definition for the test environmentso your tests don't delete the files you create during development.

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10 Implementing Support for Other Cloud Services

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If you need to support a cloud service other than these, you will need toimplement the Service. Each service extendsActiveStorage::Serviceby implementing the methods necessary to upload and download files to the cloud.

Feedback

You're encouraged to help improve the quality of this guide.

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Please contribute if you see any typos or factual errors. To get started, you can read our documentation contributions section.

You may also find incomplete content or stuff that is not up to date. Please do add any missing documentation for master. Make sure to check Edge Guides first to verify if the issues are already fixed or not on the master branch. Check the Ruby on Rails Guides Guidelines for style and conventions.

If for whatever reason you spot something to fix but cannot patch it yourself, please open an issue.

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And last but not least, any kind of discussion regarding Ruby on Rails documentation is very welcome on the rubyonrails-docs mailing list.

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